语气转承词

语气转承词是连系意念的字，有助于增加文章的连贯性。转承词以两种重要的方式来增加连贯性；首先，转承词有助于该段文字自身间的连贯性，这时转承词安置于句间，以使前一句与次一句的语意流畅。其次，转承词有助于段落间的连系，置于段首的转承词，将前段所讨论的意念顺畅地过场到次一段，做进一步的申论。 以下，就转承词的功能区分为十二种。学习者应记住不同转承词的功能，并就各大项中重要者熟背几个，将来段落写作时就可派上用场，以增加文章之流畅，以下是十二种转承词，分别用来表示：

一、解释( to explain )

1. now现在；那么（表示转变话题、要求、安慰、警告、解释、惊异等，通常置于句首并加逗点） 2. in addition而且；此外 3. in this case在这种情况下 4. in fact其实；实际上 5. for this reason因为这个缘故

例句：1.Now, follow the directions carefully. 2.In addition, there are two museums in the city. 3.The problem, in this case, is hard to solve.

二、强调( to emphasize )

1. certainly确实地 2. indeed确实地 3. surely确实地 4. above all尤其；最重要者 5. most important ( of all )最重要的是

例句：1.Certainly the vacation was fun. 2.Indeed, no man is an island.谚语：人不能离群索居。 3.Above all, avoid swimming alone in strange waters.(陌生的水域)

三、举例( to illustrate )

1. for example例如 2. for instance例如 3. thus就这样 4. next其次；然后 5. namely那就是 6. that is那就是 7. in other words换言之 8. that is to say换言之；那就是说 9. in particular尤其；特别 10. particularly尤其 11. especially特别地；主要地

例句：1.A good speech, for example, should be as short as a skirt. 2.For instance, light travels faster than sound. 3.Next, think of the courses you want to take.

四、增加或附属( to add )

1. in addition而且；此外 2. furthermore而且；更有甚者 3. also也；而且 4. moreover而且；更有甚者 5. again而且 6. and而且 7. besides而且 8. in addition to除．．．之外 9. what's more而且

例句：1.In addition, the tour stops in Tokyo. 2.furthermore, he is too old to do that. 3.Also, she asked for some money.

五、比较( to compare )尤其是相同性质的比较

1. like像 2. likewise同样地 3. in the same way同样地 4. similarly同样地 5. too也 6.equally important同样重要地

例句：1.Like Peter, Tom is a good swimmer. 2.In the same way, we look for a good doctor. 3.The car uses less fuel. Equally important, the car drives ninety miles per hour.

六、对比关系或相反的意思( to contrast )

1. unlike不像 2. in contrast相反地 3. on the other hand另一方面 4. for another thing另一方面 5. on the contrary相反地 6. instead代替；更换；反而 7. but然而；但是 8. instead of代替；不．．．而 9. nevertheless然而 10. however然而 11. still然而 12. yet然而 13. after all毕竟 14. in spite of虽然 15. despite虽然

例句：1.Unlike Tom, John is brave. 2.In contrast, they took to the streets.相反地，他们走上街头。 3.Instead, the new law caused many problems.

七、让步( to concede )

1. although虽然 2. nevertheless然而 3. of course当然 4. clearly确实地 5. naturally自然地 6. perhaps或许

例句：1.Although she ran after the train, it left without her. 2.He planned, nevertheless, to ask for our help. 3.Clearly, a garden needs a lot of care.

八、结果( to state a consequence )

1. therefore 2. consequently 3. as a result 4. thus 5. accordingly 6. hence以上皆表「因此」，「所以」，「结果」 7. so所以；因此

例句：1.They hoped, therefore, to be respected. 2.Consequently, we opened an account at the bank. 3.Accordingly, she gave up her original plan.

九、综合；总结( to sum up )

1. to sum up 2. to summarize 3. to conclude 4. in sum ( in summary )5. in conclusion以上皆表「总之」 6. in brief 7. in short 8. in a word 9. to be short 10. in a nutshell以上皆表「简言之」 11. by and large一般来说 12. finally最后 13. in general一般而言 14. on the whole整个来说 15. generally speaking大体而言；一般而论

例句：1.To conclude, Chinese New Year is the most important holiday. 2.In summary, recreation is a big business. 3.I will tell it in a nutshell.

十、时间关系( to state sequence of time )

1. after a long time ( after a short time )过了很久，过了不久 2. after a long absence过了很久 3. presently目前 4. meanwhile同时 5. after a while一阵子之后 6. once曾经；一度 7. since then自从那时起 8. at the same time同时 9. temporarily暂时地 10. later稍晚 11. afterward后来 12. thereafter其后 13. lately最近；近来 14. sooner or later早晚

例句：1.They met after a long absence. 2.Meanwhile, they were at war with their enemy. 3.Thereafter, they never met again.

十一、顺序、列举或思想的延续( to state order )

1. first首先 2. in this manner ( in this way )就这样 3. first of all首先 4. in the same way同样地 5. second其次 6. third第三 7. in the first place首先 8. then然后 9. next下一个 10. again再次 11. finally最后；终于 12. eventually终于 13. by the way顺便一提 14. incidentally附带地；顺便一提

例句：1.First of all, jogging makes the heart stronger. 2.Eventually, they came to an agreement. 3.Incidentally, medical supplies will be sent here next Monday.

十二、方向( to state directions )

1. below在．．．下面 2. next to在．．．的旁边 3. beyond超越；越过 4. on the ( my, your, etc. ) right在．．．右边 5. further更远处 6. on the left在左边 7. here这里 8. nearby在附近 9. opposite to在．．．对面

例句：1.Next to the national cemetery, there was an old church. 2.On my right lies the beautiful river. 3.Opposite to their building, there was an elm tree.

起、承、转、合用语精选

英文作文之起、承、转、合用语是帮助同学使文章之前后语气连贯、表意流畅，从而使全文看起来肌理分明、组织结构严谨，以便在作文写作上拿到更好的分数。但以下所列者，同学要想在短时间内速成，不妨在起、承、转、合用语中各选六、七个用法不同者熟背之，并试着在自己平常的作文中运用出来，使熟能生巧，才能令你的作文如虎添翼。当然，同学不应该忘记，这些用词只是套语，真正重要的还是文章内容，所以平常多读、多写，丰富自己的意念与想象力，才是作文拿高分的最佳途径。

（起）

1.As a rule, S + V...一般而言，… 2.As far as I know, S + V...据我所知，… 3.As the saying goes, S + V...常言道，… 4.Everybody knows that + S + V...众所周知，… 5.Frankly speaking, S + V...坦白地说，… 6.Generally speaking, S + V...一般而言，… 7.I'm of the opinion that + S + V...依我之见，… 8.I am greatly convinced that + S + V...我深信，… 9.In dealing with..., one cannot but admit that S + V...在讨论…，一个人不得不承认… 10.In general, S + V...一般而言，… 11.In my opinion, S + V...依我之见，… 12.It can be easily proved that S + V...…是容易证明的 13.It goes without saying that S + V...不消说，… 14.It is out of the question to V…是不可能的 15.It's quite obvious that S + V...不消说，… 16.It is said ( reported据报导, known一般皆知, estimated据估计, believed一般相信, expected一般预料 ) that...据说 17.It is important ( necessary必要的, urgent紧急的, proper适当的 ) that S (should) + V（…是）重要的 18.It's true that + S + V...事实是 19.Lucky to say, S + V...说来幸运，… 20.Needless to say, S + V...不消说，… 21.No one can deny that + S + V...没有人可以否认… 22.Nothing in the world can delight me so much as ...世界上没有什么比…更令我高兴 23.Of all the people I know, perhaps none deserves my respect more than...在我所认识的人当中，也许没有一个人比…更值得我尊敬 24.On the average, S + V...一般而言，… 25.Regretful to say, S + V...说来遗憾，… 26.Sad to say, S + V...说来可悲，… 27.Strange to say, S + V...说来奇怪，… 28.Strictly speaking, S + V...严格地说，… 29.There is no doubt that S + V...毫无疑问，… 30.There is no V-ing...…是不可能的 31.To tell the truth, S + V...老实说，… 32.To the best of my knowledge, S + V...据我所知，…

（承）

1.According to + N , S + V...根据…，… 2.As a matter of fact, S + V...实际上，… 3.As far as I'm concerned, S + V...就我而论，… 4.As good ( ill ) luck would have it, S + V...幸运地（不幸地） 5.As is often the case with + O, S + V...…对…是常有的事 6.Besides, we should not neglect that S + V...此外，我们不应忽略 7.But the problem is not so simple. Therefore, ...但是问题不是如此单纯。所以… 8.But it is a pity that S + V...但是遗憾的是… 9.Compared with + N, S + V...较之…，… 10.Even if ( Though ) + S1 + V1, S2 + V2...即使…，… 11.First of all, S + V...首先，… 12.For all + N, S + V...虽然…，… 13.For example, S + V...例如，… 14.For instance, S + V...例如，… 15.For one thing, S + V...一则，… 16.For the other, S + V...另一方面，… 17.For this reason, S + V...因为这个缘故，… 18.I take it for granted that S + V...我认为…是理所当然的 19.If we take ... into account ( consideration ), we + V...如果我们考虑到…，我们… 20.In accordance with + N, S + V...根据…，… 21.In addition, we should + V...此外，我们必须… 22.In all likelihood, S + V...十之八九，… 23.In comparison with + N, S + V...和…比较，… 24.In fact ( reality, truth ), S + V...事实上，… 25.In nine cases out of ten, S + V...十之八九，… 26.In other words, S + V...换句话说，… 27.In relation ( respect, regard, reference ) to + N, S + V...关于…，… 28.In spite of + N, S + V...虽然…，… 29.In the beginning, S + V...首先，… 30.In the first place, S + V...首先，… 31.It is not too much to say that S + V...…说起来并不过份 32.No matter wh- + S1 + V1, S2 + V2...无论…，… 33.To begin with, S + V...首先，… 34.To change another words, S + V...换句话说，… 35.To cite an old saying, S + V...套句古人说的话，… 36.To one's astonishment, S + V...令某人吃惊地，… 37.To one's delight, S + V...令某人高兴地，… 38.To one's disappointment, S + V...令某人失望地 ，… 39.To one's excitement, S + V...令某人兴奋地，… 40.To one's joy, S + V...令某人高兴地，… 41.To one's regret, S + V...令某人后悔地，… 42.To one's surprise, S + V...令某人吃惊地，… 43.To start with, S + V...首先，… 44.To take...for example, S + V...举…为例，… 45.We have enough reasons to V我们有足够的理由… 46.What I must emphasize is ...我必须强调的是… 47.What's more, S + V...此外 ，… 48.What seems to be the problem is that S + V...问题似乎是…

（转）

1.By contrast, if..., it will certainly be the fact that S + V...相反地，假如…，那一定… 2.But for + N, S + V（假设法过去式或过去完成式）...若非…，… 3.From now on, S + V...从现在起 4.Hardly had + S1 + V1(p.p.) when ( before ) + S2 + V2...一…就… 5.Have you ever + V (p.p.)....?你曾经…吗？ 6.If by any chance S1 + V1, S2 + V2....万一…，… 7.If only + S + V...!但愿…！ 8.In other words, S + V...换句话说，… 9.In the meantime, S + V...同时，… 10.In the similar way, S + V...同样地，… 11.In this manner, S + V...如此一来，… 12.In this light if..., there can surely be no doubt that S + V...有鉴于于此，假如…，确实无疑地… 13.Indeen, S1 + V1, but S2 + V2...没错…，但是… 14.It's 强调的人、事、物、地、时 + that S + V...正是… 15.It's high ( about ) time for + O + to V...该是…的时候了 16.It's high ( about ) time that  + S + should V...该是…的时候了 17.It stands to reason that S + V...…是理所当然的 18.No doubt, S1 + V1, but S2 + V2...没错，…，但是… 19.Now that S1 + V1, S2 + V2...既然…，… 20.On the contrary, S + V...相反地，… 21.On the one hand, S + V...一方面，… 22.On the other hand, S + V...另一方面，… 23.On ( Upon ) V-ing, S + V...一…就… 24.Owing to + N, S + V...由于…，… 25.The chief reason why + S + V + is...…主要的原因是… 26.To do one justice, S + V...公平而论，… 27.To make matters worse, S + V...更糟的是，… 28.To put it differently, S + V...换句话说，… 29.To tell the truth, S + V...老实说，… 30.Undoubtedly ( Absolutely ) S + V...毫无疑问地，… 31.We must recognize that S + V...我们必须承认 32.We cannot be too +我们愈…愈好  33.We cannot + V + too +我们愈…愈好 34.We cannot over-V我们愈…愈好 35.What if S + V.........?要是…该怎么办？ 36.What's worse, S + V...更糟的是 ，… 37.Without + N, S + V（假设法）... 若非…，… 38., not to mention + N…，更甭说… 39.; that is to say, S + V...…，那就是 ，…

（合）

1.Above all ( things ), S + V...最重要地，… 2.According to the aforementioned, S + V...综观上述所云，… 3.As a result ( consequence ), S + V...结果，… 4.As long as S1+ V1, S2 + V2...只要…，… 5.As we know from the above, S + V...由上述我们可知，… 6.At any rate ( cost ), we should V...无论如何，我们应该… 7.Because of this, we can find that S + V...因为如此，我们可以知道… 8.For this reason, S + V...基于此因 ，… 9.From the ... point of view, ...从…的观点来看，… 10.If we can do as mentioned above, there can be no doubt that S + V...假如我们能做到以上所提者，无疑地… 11.In a word, S + V...一言以蔽之，… 12.In any case, we should V 无论如何，我们应该… 13.In short ( brief ), S + V...简而言之 ，… 14.In conclusion, we should V 总而言之，我们应该… 15.Judging from the above, S + V...从以上来判断 ，… 16.Last but not least, S + V...最后还有一件重要的事就是… 17.Only by this can we V...只有以此我们才能… 18.On the whole, S + V...整体而论 ，… 19.On this ground, S + V...基于此种原因 20.Owing to this fact we can find that S + V...因此我们可以知道… 21.The long and the short of it, S + V...总之 ，… 22.To be short ( brief ), S + V...简而言之 ，… 23.To sum up ( conclude ), S + V...总之 ，… 24.Thus, this is the reason why S + V...因此，这就是为什么…的原因 25.Under no circumstances should we V...无论如何我们绝不…  26.What we must do is to V...我们只要…就可以了

英语写作中常用的俗语、警句

More haste, less speed. 欲速则不达。

Nothing venture, nothing have. 不入虎穴，焉得虎子。

Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。

Look before you leap. 三思而后行。

Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。

Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧

One stone, two birds.一箭双雕

Have a card up one’s sleeve.胸有成竹。

Speak of angles, and you will hear their wings. 说曹操，曹操就到。

Time is money. 一寸光阴一寸金。

An hour in the morning is worth two in the evening.一日之计在于晨。

Two heads are better than one.三个臭皮匠顶个诸葛亮。

Little strokes fell great oaks.水滴石穿。

Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today. 今日事，今日毕。

Throw a sprat to catch a herring.抛砖引玉。

Every dog’s a lion at home.夜郎自大。

Never too old to learn.活到老学到老。

Easier said than done.说起来容易，做起来难。

As a man sows, so he shall reap.种瓜得瓜。